Artificial Group Floriferae Polypetalae Subclass Rosidae Leguminosae / Fabaceae sensu lato I. Originally demarked by: A. Single carpel B. Usually coumpound leaves (some simple) C. Legume II. Now most taxonomist recognize 3 families on basis of floral morphology Family/Subfamily sensu lato Comparison I. Mimosaceae/Mimosoideae (Mimosa Family) 40 Genera 2,000 species (1 on campus) A. Actinomorphic B. 4-10 stamens much larger than petals C. Valvate, fused petals II. Caesalpiniaceae/Caesalpiniodeae (Caesalpina Family) 150 Genera 2,200 species (3 on campus) A. Zygomorphic B. 10 seperate stamens same length or shorter than petals C. Imbricate petals, upper inside lateral, 2 lower seperate III. Fabaceae sensu stricto/Papilionoideae (Bean or Pea Family) 440 Genera 11,300 species A. Zygomorphic B. 10 stamens same length or shorter than petals 1. seperate 2. Monodelphous = anthers all fused 3. Diadelphous = 9 fused + 1 seperate C. Imbricate petals, upper outside lateral, 2 lower fused IV. Economic Importance A. Second only to Poaceae (Gramineae) for food & forage B. Tropical lumber for cabinets 1. Dalbergia nigra (Rosewood) Brazil 2. Microberlininia brazzavillanensis (Zebrawood) W. Africa 3. Peltogyne porphyrocardia (Purpleheart) C. & S. America 4. Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Padouk, Andaman) Andaman Islands 5. Guibortia demeusei (Bubinga) W. Africa C. Tannins, gums, resins, dyes, drugs D. Fuel wood E. Symbiosis within roots and nitrogen fixing bacteria V. Range A. World wide with concentration of tree species in tropics Mimosaceae I. Albizia julibrissin (Silktree, Mimosa) [Italian naturlist-G; native Iranian name-se] A. Even bipinnately compound leaves with asymmetric leaflet lamina B. 13-20 cm flat legume Caesalpiniaceae I. Cercis canadensis (Eastern redbud, Judas Tree) [Grk name-G; from Canada-se] A. Orbicular/reniform, simple glabrous leaves with cordate base B. 6-8 cm flat legume exhibiting cauliflory C. Smooth dark gray/black bark II. Gleditsia triacanthos (Honeylocust) [Gleditsch-botanist-G; three-horned-se] A. Even pinnate/bipinnate compound leaves with acute/rounded apices B. 15-45 cm reddish-brown/purplish-brown twisted strap-like legume (taste like honey+castor oil when green) C. Long narrow scaley ridge grayish brown/ black bark D. Usually twigs & trunk have branched thorns III. Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky coffeetree) [Grk = "naked branch"-G; dioecious-se] A. 30-80 cm odd bipinately compound leaves with acute apices B. 10-18 cm dark reddish-brown thick legume with big seeds resembling coffeebeans C. Narrow scaley ridge with deep furrows, gray bark D. Salmon/brown pith Fabaceae I. Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust) [Jean & Vespasien Robin, herbalist to 16-17 century French king-G; False acacia-se] A. 15-35 cm odd pinnately compound leaves, with mucronate or notched apices usually with two spinose stipules B. 5-10 cm flat brown legume C. Deeply furrowed with rounded interlacing fibrous scaly ridges, reddish-brown / black bark (inner bark poisonous) II. Cladrastis kentukea (C. lutea) (Yellowwood) [Grk = "brittle branch-G; from Kentucky-se] A. 20-30 cm alternate pinnate compound leaves with petiole that completely encloses axillary buds B. 3-8 cm flat legume C. Smooth gray bark III. Sophora japonica (Japanese pagoda, Chinese scholar tree) [Arabian name for tree with pea shaped flowers] A. Pinnately compound leaf with mucronate apices and odd oder B. Branches remain green up to 5 years C. Green bead or chain like legume Artificial Group Floriferae Sympetalae Subclass Dilleniidae Ebenaceae (Ebony Family) 5 Genera 485 species (1 on campus) I. Leaves A. Alternate B. Simple C. Entire II. Flowers A. Regular B. Imperfect, dioecious III. Fruit A. Berry IV. Economic Importance A. Black/Brownish Black Ebony lumber from Celebes Islands, Ceylon, India used to make fine musical instruments B. Diospyros virginiana wood stays smooth under friction, used to make shuttles, spools, bobbins, and golf club heads C. D. virginiana produces an edible berry V. Range A. Tropics and warmer temperate regions of N. & S. hemispheres Diospyros virginiana (Common Persimmon) [Devine Fruit; grain of Jove(grk)] A. Dark brown/black bark subdivided into thick trapezoidal blocks Ornamentals within Artificial Group Floriferae Sympetalae Subclass Asteridae Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family) 220 Genera 4000 species (only 1 tree species in USA) I. Paulownia tomentosa (Princess Tree, Empress Tree) A. Opposite B. Large pubescent cordate leaves C. No terminal buds D. Hollow pith E. Ovoid, pointed, 2-valved capsule with small winged seeds D. Wood resistant to splitting upon drying good for woodcarving Bignoniaceae (Trumpet-creeper Family) 112 Genera 750 species (1 on campus) I. Catalpa speciosa (Northern; Western Catalpa) [Cherokee name(G) showy(se)] A. Whorls of 3 B. Large pubescent cordate leaves C. No terminal buds D. Solid homogenous pith E. Long, pendant, slender, terete capsule with many flat 2 winged seeds F. Wood resistant to decay good for fence posts G. Caterpillars for fish bait II. Cybistax donnell-smithii (Prima vera; white mahogany) A. Mexico & C. America B. True mahogany lumber comes from species of Swietenia in the Meliaceae (Mahogany Family)