Cellular Respiration

I. Process by which stored chemical potential energy in glucose is 
   converted to other more usable forms of chemical enery in all  
   living organisms.

II. C6H12O6 +6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

     A. Glycolysis = Glucose (C6) -> Pyruvate (2 X C3

          1. Cytoplasm

          2. Doesn't require O2

     B2. Aerobic Respiration = Pyruvate -> CO2 + Reduced Molecules

          1. Krebs Cycle

          2. Mitochondria Matrix

          3. Requires operation of Electron Transport Chain

     C.  Electron Transport Chain
           = Reduced Molecules +O2 +ADP +Pi 
              -> Oxidized Molecules + H2O + ATP

          1. Mitochondria Cristae

          2. Requires O2

III. Glycolysis

     A.  C6H12O6 + 2 NAD + 2 ADP + 2 Pi

          -> 2 C3H4O3 +2 NADH + 2 ATP

          1. C6H12O6 = glucose

          2. C3H4O3 = pyruvate

          3. NAD = Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

VI. Krebs Cycle

     A.  Pyruvate (3C) 
         -> Acetyl-CoA (2C) + CO2 + Oxaloacetic Acid (4C) 
          -> Citric Acid (6C)                          ^
            -> alpha- ketoglutarate (5C) + CO2         |
              -> succinyl-CoA (4C) + CO2               |
                -> C4 interconversions -> Oxaloacetic Acid (4C)

     B.  Energy produced per 1 Pryuvate in 1 turn in cycle

          1. 1 NADH2 (as 2C enter cycle) = 3 ATP eventually
          2. 1 ATP
          3. 3 NADH2 = 9 ATP eventually
          4. 1 FADH2 = Flavine adenine dinucleotide 
                     = 2 ATP eventually
          
     C.  Glucose -> 2 Pyruvate

     D.  Six turns of the cycle to metabolise equivalant of 
         1 molecule of Glucose


VII.  Electron Transport Chain = Oxidative Phosphorylation

     A.  Series of Coupled Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) Reactions

     B.  Ultimately O2 reduced to H2O

     C.  ATP produced at specific points in the chain, so what goes
         into the chain determines the total number of ATP's      
         produced

          1. AH2 -> A  = 3 ATP
          2. NADH2 -> NAD = 3 ATP
          3. FADH2 -> FAD = 2 ATP

     D. ATP -> ADP + Pi + 7400 Calories/Mole Energy can be coupled 
        to other reactions within Cells

VIII.  Total energy yield from aerobic respiration of 1 molecule of 
        Glucose

     A. Glycolysis:                     2 ATP
                     2 NADH2   ->       6 ATP

     B. Transport of NADH2 
        into mitochondria for
        oxidative phosphorylation 
        cost 1 ATP                     -2 ATP

     C. 2 Pyruvates into Krebs Cycle
                   2 X NADH2            6 ATP

     D. 2 Pyruvates in Krebs Cycle      2 ATP

     E. Products from 2 Pyruvates
        through Krebs Cycle 
        into Electron Transport Chain

                    6 X NADH2          18 ATP

                    2 X NADH2           4 ATP

      F. TOTAL ENERGY                  36 ATP