|oEInsect Order Identification9.257Using this Expert System, students (grades 9 and 10) will be able to identify unknown insects to their order name. They will need to use dissecting microscopes as well as compound microscopes to aid their identifications. NOTE: MAKE SURE THAT YOU USE METRIC RULERS, DISSECTING MICROSCOPES, AND COMPOUND MICROSCOPES TO ENSURE THAT THE CORRECT ATTRIBUTES ARE OBSERVED! Completed by Tonya Nkhata and Jeff Yuva9 CXAttdata0No wings are observed. No Wings.jpg2Two wings (one pair) observed. Two Wings.jpg4Four wings (two pair) observed.Four Wings.jpg Transparent You can see through these wings.transparent wing.JPGLeathery/thickenediThese wings are opaque (you cannot see through them). They may or may not have observable vein patterns.Leathery Textured Wing.jpgScalyrFinely textured scales. MAKE SURE YOU OBSERVE THESE UNDER A MICROSCOPE SO THEY ARE NOT CONFUSED WITH HAIRY WINGS!Scale wings.jpgHairy/furry wingsA thin layer of hair or fur is present. MAKE SURE YOU OBSERVE THIS UNDER A MICROSCOPE SO THEY ARE NOT CONFUSED WITH SCALY WINGS!hairy furry wing.JPGHornyThese wings are tough and look armored. They are opaque (cannot see through them) and generally have no observable vein pattern. They often cover hindwings.no wing veins.JPG!Complete overlap, flat over back.zThese wings lie completely over the back and overlap entirely. It is difficult to distinguish one forewing from the next.$complete overlap, flat over back.JPGPartial overlaptThese wings lie over the back and do not overlap completely. You can barely distinguish one forewing from the next.partially overlapping wing.JPG Tent-like\Starting at the middle of the back, these non-overlapping wings slope downwards at an angle.Tent-like Wings.jpg Flat meeting in the middle[These wings lie over the back and meet with a distinct, non-overlapping line in the middle.+Non-overlapping wings meeting in middle.jpg PForewing longer (sometimes) and thicker than hindwings (hindwings may be hidden)SThese forewings are generally leathery or horny and may hide the smaller hindwings."forewing thicker than hindwing.JPG ,Forewings and hindwings are the same texturePThese forewings are generally membraneous and the same texture as the hindwings.&forewing and hindwing same texture.JPG Leathery with memraneous tipWings are leathery or opaque (cannot see through) from the head of the insect until the last few millimeters. The final few millimeters are transparent (can see through).Thick membrane wing.jpg Hooklets presenttGenerally in transparent wings, hooklets are found on the outer perimeter of the wings. They resemble half circles. Hooklets.jpgNo veins observed^No vein pattern is present, usually found on horny, scaly, hairy, or sometimes leathery wings.no wing veins.JPGMostly branchingTMany of these are transparent (see through) or leathery and branch like a spiderweb.mostly branching wing vein.JPGMany cross veins/netted]These wings are transparent (see through) and have numerous crossveins resembling a fine net.netted wings.JPG<15mmless than fifteen millimeters15mm.jpg>15mm!Greater than fifteen millimeters.15mm.jpg<5mmLess than five millimeters.5mm.jpg>5mmGreater than five millimeters.5mm.jpg ChewingTwo claw-like grips protrude from the back end of the abdomen.claw like pinchers.JPG StingerbA sharp, pointed instrument used to administer stings is attatched to the back end of the abdomen. Stinger.jpg White Black Green Blue Brown Gray Yellow Red Orange Tan Metallic Metallic.jpg<15mmLess that fifteen millimeters.15mm.jpg>15mm!Greater than fifteen millimeters.15mm.jpg<5mmLess that five millimeters.5mm.jpg>5mmGreater than five millimeters.5mm.jpgVery long, narrow body.HThis body type is very slender and is much, much longer than it is wide.long narrow body.JPG Scorpion-like tailEThe tail curls in an upward fashion and resembles that of a scorpion.scorpion like tail.JPGH CXMenudata ;Wing Characteristics|Observe the many differences in the insect wings, the part that insects use to fly. Be careful, not all insects have wings.Observational Equipment.jpg ;Total number of wingslCount how many individual wings you see. Remember to count the individual wings and NOT the pairs of wings.Number of wings.jpg; Wing texture/What do the wings feel like? How do they look?Wing Textures.jpg; Wing widthEHow wide are the wings measured from side to side at the widest part?Wing width.jpg; Wing lengthBHow long are the wings measured from front to the end of the wing?Wing length.jpg; Wing veins(Observe the pattern that the veins make. Veins.jpg; Wing position$When at rest, how do the wings fold? wings.jpg ; OverlappingvThese wings generally lie partially or completely over the back of the insect and may completely or partially overlap.Overlap wings.jpg ;Non-overlappinguThese wings either lie across the back of the insect or slope down from the sides starting at the middle of the back.Non-Overlap.jpg ;Special wing characteristicsODoes your insect have any of these distinguishing characteristics of the wings?Special Wings.jpg ; Mouthparts7Observe the part of the mouth that insects use to feed. Mouths.jpg;Abdominal characteristicsQDoes your insect have any of these distinguishing characteristics of the abdomen? abdominal.jpg%&'8;Dominant pigmentation Observe the dominant 1-3 colors. ()*+,-./012;Legs;Observe the part that insects use to walk, climb, and jump. Leg stuff.jpg;Leg Characteristics9Observe special leg characteristics that are distinctive.legs.jpg;Tarsi$Tarsi is insect language for "legs."Tarsi Characteristics 2.jpg;Special body characteristicsNDoes your insect have any of these distinguishing characteristics of the body?Special Body.jpg"#$ !7;Body characteristicsFeatures of the body.Observational Equipment.jpg;Number of segments=A segment is the length from joint to joint or joint to foot. Segments.jpg;Number of joints?Joints are elbow or knee-like structures that connect segments. Joints.jpg; Body lengthFMeasure the body from the front of the head to the end of the abdomen.Body Length.jpg34; Body width3Measure the body from one side across to the other.Body Width.jpg56;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Mac OSX DictionaryU.S. Department of HealthGKey adapted from MacMasters and Daniel "Biological Diversity" from 1975 CXItemnameAnoplura Coleoptera Dermaptera DictyopteraDiptera Ephemeroptera Hemiptera Homoptera Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Mecoptera NeuropteraOdonata OrthopteraPhasmida Siphonaptera Trichoptera CXItemrec Lepidoptera is comprised of butterflies and moths. These insects have a sponging mouthpart and two pars of wings that are covered with small scales helpful for aerodynamic navigation. (from the Greek "lepid" for scale and "pteron" for wing.)A lepidoptera.jpg/Phasmida is comprised of the stickbugs. Their bodies strongly resemble twigs or even leaves. They are wingless and will have very long, narrow bodies in relation to their width. (from the Latin "phasma" for apparition NOTE: apparition means "the appearance of something remarkable or unexpected.)A phasmida.jpgThis order is comprised of the "true bugs" such as stink bugs and assassin bugs. They have leathery, overlapping wings and feed with a sucking mouthpart. Characteristically, Hemiptera have a rhombus or diamond shape to them. (from the Greek "hemi" for half and "pteron" for wing.)A hemiptera.jpgThis order consists of cicadas, leafhoppers, etc. These insects have transparent wings and feed with a sucking tube. (from the Greek "homo" for same or equal and "pteron" for wing.)A homoptera.jpg Mecoptera is made up of scorpionflies that have a characteristic beak and a curved, scorpion-like tail for stinging. (from the Greek "mekos" for length and "pteron" for wing.)A mecoptera.jpg0Diptera is comprised of "true flies" including houseflies, horsesflies, deerflies, robberflies, mosquitos, etc. They have only one pair of wings with a pair of halteres behind the pair of wings. Diptera includes insects that suck or bite to feed. (from the Greek "di" for two and "pteron" for wing.)A Diptera 1.jpgWThis order is comprised of bees, wasps, and ants. Hymenoptera uses mandibles to feed. Its characteristic transparant wings have hooklets on the outer edges, but not all Hymenoptera have wings. Also, some female Hymenoptera have stingers at the end of their abdominal segments. (from the Greek "humen" for membrane and "pteron" for wing.)A hymenoptera.jpgDermaptera is comprised of Earwigs that may have relatively functionless membraneous wings and have distinct pinchers coming off the back end of the abdomen. (from the Greek "derma" for skin and "pteron" for wing)A dermaptera.jpg This order is made up of the dragonflies. Odonata has two pairs of membraneous wings with very long,slender bodies in relation to their width. (from the Greek "odonus" for tooth) A odonata.jpgDictyoptera is comprised of cockroaches and mantids. These insects have two pairs of wings that partially overlap and are somewhat flattened. (from the Greek "diktuon" for net and "pteron" for wing.)dictyoptera.jpg Neuroptera is made up of lacewings, snake flies, and ant lions. They have characteristically netted wings with very fine cross veins. (from the Greek "neuro" for in the sense [veined] and "pteron" for wing.)A neuroptera.jpgColeoptera is comprised of beetles. Coleoptera has tough, horny forewings that cover the hindwings with no veins visible. Mandibles are used to feed. (from the Greek "koleos" for sheath and "pteron" for wing)A coleoptera.jpg Orthoptera is comprised of crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids. They have long legs modified for jumping, wings that are folded in a tent-like fashion over their backs, and have mandibles for feeding. (from the Greek "ortho" for straight and "pteron" for wing.)A orthoptera.jpg1Ephemeroptera is an order comprised of mayflies. These insects have long, filamentous tails. (from late 16th century language "ephemeron" for things that are used or enjoyed for a short time [describing the one day long adult phase that exists soley for reproduction) and the Greek "pteron" for wing.)A ephemeropera.jpg Fleas comprise siphonaptera. These have legs modified for jumping, a ventrally compressed body, a tube for feeding, and are wingless. These generally measure no larger than five millimeters in length. (from the Greek "siphon" for tube and "apteros" for wingless.) fleas.jpgWith common name sucking louse, the Anoplura jumps from host to host drawing blood and utilizing it as food. Anoplura is compressed dorsovenrally and usually measures less than 7 millimeters in length. (from the Latin "anoplos" for unarmed and "oura" for tail) Louse.jpg4Tricoptera is comprised of insects that look similar to butterflies and moths called caddisflies. Tricoptera found in Southwest Ohio will generally be brown or tannish in color. These have hairy wings and may easily be confused with Lepidoptera. (from the Greek "tricho" for hair and "pteron" for wing.)A trichoptera.jpg CXDatablock"$ {{{A{!"x$z!6{$*: *v}  !@y ,ր?2 "@5z6Z$~ 0r + (3(D({{