ŽI|Biomes of the World˙Tim L. Maluvac For: First Year Biology Class ( 9th and 10th grades) This will be used as an introduction into biomes. The students will be instructed to test as many of the data sets in the system as they can and see if they can first identify the useful unique traits to identify a specific biome using multiple data sets. Then observe how many of the traits are similar and try to understand why unique Biomes can have some of the same characteristics. We will then learn more about these biomes, and see why this is a simplistic view of how the environment is set-up. This will lead to investigating the other more refined biomes of the world. We will take a look at such things as the Alpine tundra, chaparral, woodlands, great basin, etc. h˙˙ CXAttdataNorthern Hemisphere€ North America€Central America€ South America€Southern Hemisphere€Europe€Asia€Africa€ Australia€ Antarctica€Porus, thin layer of Humus€0 degrees to 35 degrees C€"Sparsely throughout Biome€ 49 degrees C€ -1 degrees C€ 10 to 30 cm€ 15 to 25 cm€Snow€Rain€fog€@Podosol, low organic matter, heavy leaching of soil, permafrost €ICoarse textured: shallow, rocky , gravely, sandy soil -- Low prductivity€low€medium€High€low€medium€High€ 0% to 20%€ 20% to 50%€˙˙€ 70% to 85%€ 85% to 100%€low€medium€high€Lichens, mosses and grasses€"grasses, shrubs and solitary trees€"Shrubs and Small trees and Cacti €1grasses, larger shrubs and small bunches of trees€5Larger conifers, such as pines, spruces and fir trees€SMixture of a few fir trees with Oaks, Maples, Beech trees and other deciduous trees€!23.5 degrees N to 23.5 degrees S €20 degrees to 32 degrees C€=No real dominant species, most ground cover by decidous trees€ Low occurence€medium occurance€High occurence€Sparsely arranged€ Bunched in small groups randomly€+Evenly Distributed relatively spaced apart€#Evenly distributed not spaced apart€Bunched together no space€$ No Canopy €$Single layered low canopy€$%Double layer low and mid range canopy€$=Triple layer or more canopy multiple plants at various levels€High acidic pH 4 to 5.5€Low acidic pH 5.5 to 6.5€Neutral pH 6.5 to 7.5€Low basic pH 7.5 to 8.5€˙˙€!Low€!medium€!High€50 degrees to 60 degrees N€ 38 degrees C€ 39 degrees C € -50 degrees C€ -20 degrees C€ 30 degrees C€ 35 degrees C € 41 degrees C€ 15 degrees C€ -55 degrees C€ -66 degrees C€20 degrees to 40 degrees N€*10 to 20 degrees N and 10 to 40 degrees S €60 degrees to 85 degrees N€)15 to 35 degrees N and 15 to 35 degrees S€)10 to 40 degrees N and 10 to 40 degrees S€-10 degrees to 30 degrees C€-4 degrees to 38 degrees C€-20 degrees to 20 degrees C€"Random colonies in biome€"Most Freely migrate€"-Stable population evenly distributed in Biome€",Most sqaure meters have heterotrophs in them€&Deer, rodents, canines, birds, insects€ILarge Grazing Animals, Birds, Insects, Large predators in community units€/Birds, larger rodents, Elk, bear, Moose, bats, €+Insects, birds, reptiles, monkeys, leapards€*Lemmings, voles, fox, bear, caribou, birds€BLarge and smaller grazing animals, birds, insects, coyotes, snakes€:Insects, Arachnids, Reptiles, Birds, Rodents, some Mammals€ 60 to 100 cm€ 200 to 700 cm€ 30 to 90 cm€ 50 to 127 cm€ 75 to 150 cm€CPodosol, dense particulate matter in soil, medium organic nutrients€DThin top soil, most nutrients reabsorbed quickly due to rapid decay€HVaried textured soil, thin to medium thickness, moderate organic content€>Thick well developed soil, high organic and inorganic contents%˙˙ CXMenudata˙˙j€Dominant heterotrophs in BiomeXYZ[\]^j€&Location of Terrestrial Biome on Earthj€Hemisphere of the Biome j€Continent or Continent part j€Latitudes at which biome existsNALPOM*j€˙˙j€ Temperature j€ Average Yearly Temperature Range+ RQSj€Extreme Temperatures in Biomes j€ Highest Recorded Temperature HCBGFj€ Lowest Recorded TemperatureKJDEIj€˙˙j€˙˙j€ Precipitationj€4Most CommonType of Precipitation experienced in areaj€%Average Yearly Precipitation per Yearab_c`j€˙˙j€Soil Characteristicsj€ Soil Typedefg j€ Ph of soil9:;<j€Water Retention of Soilj€Organic Richness of Soil j€Species Distribution in Biome01234j€*Autotroph Characteristics Present in Biome$j€1% Ground coverage of Autotrophs in Biome per Year j€Species Diversity in Biome!"#j€Dominant Autotrophs in Biome$%&'(),j€˙˙j€Fire Regiment of Biome-./j€˙˙j€$Heterotroph Characteristics in Biome!"j€˙˙j€"Species Diversity in Area per Year>?@j€%Distribution of heterotrophs in Biome TUVWj€˙˙j€Canopy Description5678lEarth Observatory Experiments http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/bioconiferous.html, 07/19/04zRadford University: Geog 335/ Biogeography http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/tbdf/tbdf.html, 07/20/04jUniversity of Berkeley http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/forests.html#temperate, 07/19/04PMissouri Botanical Garden Net http://mbgnet.mobot.org/sets/rforest/, 07/21/04dDr. Ray L. Winstead, IUP Professor of Biology http://nsm1.nsm.iup.edu/rwinstea/biomes.shtm, 07/19/04XPhysical Geography .net http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9k.html, 07/19/04SMC Biology http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/grasslnd.html#clisoil2a, 07/20/04{Vankat, John L, 1992 The Natural Vegetation of North America, An Introduction, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida˙˙ CXItemname Artic Tundra€ Coniferous Forest ( aka. Taiga)€Deciduous Forest€Desert€ Grassland€Tropical Rain Forest€Tropical Savannah˙˙ CXItemrec˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˜€˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˜€˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˜€˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˜€˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˜€˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˜€˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ CXDatablockc #D@HÓąl"F@!B €@™MD$„€!! űĄ"€,H3 ŔÝD <€!c‰B‘BˆcAHÂ2