# Keyboard Shortcuts

> The following table lists the keyboard shortcuts built into ImageJ. You can create additional shortcuts, or override built in shortcuts, by creating simple macros and adding them to the StartupMacros file. You can also assign a function key to a menu command using Plugins/Shortcuts/Create Shortcut. Except when using the text tool, you do not need to hold down the control key to use a keyboard shortcut.

> Command | Shortcut | Description
> --- | --- | ---
> New>Image | N | Create new image or stack
> New>Text Window | Shift-N | Create new text window
> New>System Clipboard | Shift-V | Create image from system clipboard
> Open | O | Open TIFF, GIF, JPEG, BMP, DICOM, FITS, etc.
> Open Next | Shift-O | Open next image in folder
> Open Samples | Shift-B | Opens "Blobs" example image
> Close | W | Close the active window
> Save | S | Save active image in Tiff format
> Revert | R | Revert to saved version of image
> Print | P | Print active image
> Undo | Z | Reverse the effect of the last operation
> Cut | X | Copy selection to internal clipboard and clear
> Copy | C | Copy selection to internal clipboard
> Paste | V | Paste contents of internal clipboard
> Clear | backspace | Erase selection to background color
> Fill | F | Fill selection in foreground color
> Draw | D | Draw selection
> Invert | Shift-I | Invert image or selection
> Selection>Select All | A | Select entire image
> Selection>Select None | Shift-A | Delete selection
> Selection>Restore | Shift-E | Restore previous selection
> Adjust>Contrast | Shift-C | Adjust brightness and contrast
> Adjust>Threshold | Shift-T | Adjust threshold levels
> Show Info | I | Display information about active image
> Properties | Shift-P | Display image properties
> Color>Color Picker | Shift-K | Open Color Picker
> Stacks>Next Slice | > | Advance to next stack slice
> Stacks>Previous Slice | < | Backup up to previous stack slice
> Stacks>Reslice | / | Reslice stack
> Stacks>Animation | \ | Start/stop stack animation
> Crop | Shift-X | Crop active image or selection
> Duplicate | Shift-D | Duplicate active image or selection
> Scale | E | Scale image or selection
> Zoom>In | + | Make active image larger
> Zoom>Out | - | Make active image smaller
> Smooth | Shift-S | 3x3 unweighted smoothing
> Find Edges | Shift-F | Perform Sobel edge detection
> Repeat Command | Shift-R | Repeat previous command
> Measure | M | Display statistics about active image or selection
> Histogram | H | Display histogram of active image or selection
> Plot Profile | K | Display density profile plot of current selection
> Macros>Install | Shift-M | Install a macro set
> Utilities>Capture Screen | Shift-G | Grab screenshot
> ImageJ | enter | Bring "ImageJ" window to front
> Put Behind | tab | Switch to next image window

> ## Alt Key Modifications

> Hold down the alt key to alter the behavior of the
> following commands and tools as indicated.

> File/Open Next: Open Previous
> File/Revert: Don't show dialog
> Edit/Copy: Copy to system clipboard
> Edit/Draw: Draw and label
> Image/Adjust/Threshold: Adjusting Min also adjusts Max
> Image/Color/RGB Split: Keep original image
> Image/Stacks/Add Slice: Insert before current slice
> Image/Stacks/Next Slice: Skip nine slices
> Image/Stacks/Previous Slice: Skip nine slices
> Image/Stacks/Start Animation: Show options dialog
> Image/Duplicate: Don't show dialog
> Process/Equalize: Do classic histogram equalization
> Process/Subtract Background: Show background image
> Analyze/Histogram: Show dialog
> Analyze/Plot Profile: For rect. selections, generate row average plot
> Analyze/Plot Profile: For wide straight lines, display rotated contents
> Analyze/Gels/Select First Lane: Assume lanes are horizontal
> Analyze/Tools/Analyze Line Graph: Show intermediate image
> Analyze/Tools/Roi Manager ("Add"): Name and add selection
> Plugins/Utilities/ImageJ Properties: List all Java properties
> Plugins/Utilities/Monitor Memory: Simulate 640x480 frame grabber
> Plugins/Compile and Run: Display dialog
> Any User Plugin: Load using new class loader

> Area selection tool: Subtract this selection from the previous one
> Polygon selection tool: Alt-click on a node to delete it
> Segmented line selection tool: Alt-click on a node to delete it
> Point selection tool: Alt-click on a point to delete it
> Color picker tool: Alt-click to "pick up" background color
> All tools: Show location and size in pixels

> ## Shift Key Modifications

> Hold down the shift key to alter the behavior of the
> following commands and tools as indicated.

> Image/Adjust/Threshold: Adjusting Min also adjusts Max
> Image/Zoom/In: Do not enlarge window
> Analyze/Histogram: Display log histogram
> Analyze/Tools/Roi Manager ("Add"): Draw and add selection
> Macros in Plugin menu: Open instead of run

> Rectangle and Oval selection tools: Force selection to be square
> Area selection tool: Add this selection to previous one
> Polygon selection tool: Shift-click on a node to duplicate it
> Segmented line selection tool: Shift-click on a node to duplicate it
> Point selection tool: Shift-click to add a point

> ## Space Bar Modifications

> Any Tool: Temporarily switch to the "hand" (scrolling) tool
> Moving through 16 and 32-bit stacks: Adjust min/max display values

> ## Arrow Keys Use the arrow keys to move selection outlines one pixel at a time. Resize rectangular and oval selections by holding down the the alt (option) and while using the arrow keys.