Artificial Group Floriferae Polypetalae Subclass Rosidae Leguminosae / Fabaceae sensu lato I. Originally demarked by: A. Single carpel B. Usually coumpound leaves (some simple) C. Legume II. Now most taxonomist recognize 3 families on basis of floral morphology Family/Subfamily sensu lato Comparison I. Mimosaceae/Mimosoideae (Mimosa Family) 40 Genera 2,000 species (1 on campus) A. Actinomorphic B. 4-10 stamens much larger than petals C. Valvate, fused petals II. Caesalpiniaceae/Caesalpiniodeae (Caesalpina Family) 150 Genera 2,200 species (3 on campus) A. Zygomorphic B. 10 seperate stamens same length or shorter than petals C. Imbricate petals, upper inside lateral, 2 lower seperate III. Fabaceae sensu stricto/Papilionoideae (Bean or Pea Family) 440 Genera 11,300 species A. Zygomorphic B. 10 stamens same length or shorter than petals 1. seperate 2. Monodelphous = anthers all fused 3. Diadelphous = 9 fused + 1 seperate C. Imbricate petals, upper outside lateral, 2 lower fused IV. Economic Importance A. Second only to Poaceae (Gramineae) for food & forage B. Tropical lumber for cabinets 1. Dalbergia nigra (Rosewood) Brazil 2. Microberlininia brazzavillanensis (Zebrawood) W. Africa 3. Peltogyne porphyrocardia (Purpleheart) C. & S. America 4. Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Padouk, Andaman) Andaman Islands 5. Guibortia demeusei (Bubinga) W. Africa C. Tannins, gums, resins, dyes, drugs D. Fuel wood E. Symbiosis within roots and nitrogen fixing bacteria V. Range A. World wide with concentration of tree species in tropics Mimosaceae I. Albizia julibrissin (Silktree, Mimosa) [Italian naturlist-G; native Iranian name-se] A. Even bipinnately compound leaves with asymmetric leaflet lamina B. 13-20 cm flat legume Caesalpiniaceae I. Cercis canadensis (Eastern redbud, Judas Tree) [Grk name-G; from Canada-se] A. Orbicular/reniform, simple glabrous leaves with cordate base B. 6-8 cm flat legume exhibiting cauliflory C. Smooth dark gray/black bark II. Gleditsia triacanthos (Honeylocust) [Gleditsch-botanist-G; three-horned-se] A. Even pinnate/bipinnate compound leaves with acute/rounded apices B. 15-45 cm reddish-brown/purplish-brown twisted strap-like legume (taste like honey+castor oil when green) C. Long narrow scaley ridge grayish brown/ black bark D. Usually twigs & trunk have branched thorns III. Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky coffeetree) [Grk = "naked branch"-G; dioecious-se] A. 30-80 cm odd bipinately compound leaves with acute apices B. 10-18 cm dark reddish-brown thick legume with big seeds resembling coffeebeans C. Narrow scaley ridge with deep furrows, gray bark D. Salmon/brown pith Fabaceae I. Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust) [Jean & Vespasien Robin, herbalist to 16-17 century French king-G; False acacia-se] A. 15-35 cm odd pinnately compound leaves, with mucronate or notched apices usually with two spinose stipules B. 5-10 cm flat brown legume C. Deeply furrowed with rounded interlacing fibrous scaly ridges, reddish-brown / black bark (inner bark poisonous) II. Cladrastis kentukea (C. lutea) (Yellowwood) [Grk = "brittle branch-G; from Kentucky-se] A. 20-30 cm alternate pinnate compound leaves with petiole that completely encloses axillary buds B. 3-8 cm flat legume C. Smooth gray bark III. Sophora japonica (Japanese pagoda, Chinese scholar tree) [Arabian name for tree with pea shaped flowers] A. Pinnately compound leaf with mucronate apices and odd oder B. Branches remain green up to 5 years C. Green bead or chain like legume Artificial Group Floriferae Polypetalae Subclass Hamamelidae Hamamelidaceae (Witch-hazel Family) [Grk name = together + apple, in reference to flower & fruit being present at same time] 26 Genera 100 species (2 on campus) I. Leaves A. Alternate B. Simple C. Stipulate II. Flowers A. Perfect Hamamelis B. Imperfect (monoecious) Liquidambar III. Fruit A. Two celled capsule 1. single Hamamelis 2. multiple Liquidambar IV. Economic importance A. Hamamelis bark & twigs source of rubbing lotion ingredient B. Liquidambar important hardwood lumber in S. USA C. Liquidambar used in S. USA in paper pulp industry D. L. orientalis (Asia) source of storax = balsam used in soaps, perfumes, pharmaceuticals. V. Range A. SE USA, Mexico, C. America; S. Africa, Asia, Australia midway between tropic and temperate latitudes Hamamelis virginiana (Witch-hazel) A. Broadly elliptical leaves with irregularly and coursely repand margins B. Two small scales subtend "naked" tawny bud C. Fall flowers with yellow strap-like petals D. Spiny brownish-black capsule forcible ejects seeds up to 6 meters! Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum, Redgum) [Latin = "liquidus" = fluid + Arabic = amber in reference to fragrant resen from bark of L. orientalis] [Resin(styrax)-flowing] A. Star shaped leaves with serrate margins B. Aromatic green / yellow brown twigs with lammas shoots C. Globose multiple of capsules D. Narrow, rounded, flaky ridges separated by deep furrows grayish-brown bark Artificial Group Floriferae Polypetalae Subclass Hamamilidae Platanaceae (American Sycamore, Planetree Family) [Grk name] 1 Genus 6,7 species (1 on campus) I. Leaves A. Alternate B. Simple C. 3-7 palmately lobed with big teeth D. Palmate venation E. Foliaceous Stipules II. Flowers A. Imperfect (monoecious) III. Fruit A. Multiple globose head of elongate achenes 1. Single Platunus occidentalis 2. 3-7 P. orientalis 3. 2-3 P. acerifolia (London planetree) P. occidentalis X orientalis IV. Bark A. Intermediate age scales off in large puzzle shape plates revealing green/creamy white inner bark B. Old bark brown & scaly V. Economic importance A. Lumber & veneer for boxes, crates, furniture B. Wood pulp (vigorous coppice growth) C. Hearty city street tree VI. Range A. Temperate regions of N. hemisphere; Mexico; India Artificial Group Floriferae Polypetalae Subclass Rosidae Rutaceae (Rue Family) 150 Genera 1500 species (1 on campus) I. Leaves A. Alternate, some opposite B. Compound, some simple C. Estipulate D. Glandular-punctate dots on leaflets E. Aromatic, bitter, volatile oil II. Flowers A. Regular B. Perfect or imperfect C. 4-5 sepals & petals D. 8-10 stamens E. 1 pistil III. Fruits A. Drupe, follicle, samara, hesperidium IV. Economic importance A. Citrus has edible fruit (orange, tangerine, lemon, lime, grapefruit) B. Tropical general - lumber for structural timber & cabinets V. Range A. World wide Phellodendron amurense (Amur corktree) [Grk = "cork tree"] A. Lateral buds hidden by petiole base B. No terminal buds C. Black drupe D. Deeply furrowed bark with corky ridges