Artificial Group Floriferae Sympetalae Subclass Dilleniidae Ebenaceae (Ebony Family) 5 Genera 485 species (1 on campus) I. Leaves A. Alternate B. Simple C. Entire II. Flowers A. Regular B. Imperfect, dioecious III. Fruit A. Berry IV. Economic Importance A. Black/Brownish Black Ebony lumber from Celebes Islands, Ceylon, India used to make fine musical instruments B. Diospyros virginiana wood stays smooth under friction, used to make shuttles, spools, bobbins, and golf club heads C. D. virginiana produces an edible berry V. Range A. Tropics and warmer temperate regions of N. & S. hemispheres Diospyros virginiana (Common Persimmon) [Devine Fruit; grain of Jove(grk)] A. Dark brown/black bark subdivided into thick trapezoidal blocks Artificial Group Floriferae Sympetalae Subclass Asteridae Oleaceae (Olive Family) 30 Genera (5 on campus, 3 are trees) 600 species I. Leaves A. Opposite B. Simple or pinnately compound C. estipulate II. Flowers A. Regular B. Perfect and/or imperfect (dioecious) C. 2 stamens, some with 3 or 5 D. 2 celled ovary with 1 style and 2 lobed stigma III. Fruit A. Samara, capsule, berry, drupe IV. Economic Importance A. Fraxinus americana is second only to hickory for wooden handles, bats because of its flexible strength B. Fraxinus nigra wood used in weaving because it splits easily C. Fraxinus wood used in furniture & veneers D. Ornamental trees and shrubs 1. Forsythia (Goldenbell) 2. Ligustrum (Privet) 3. Chionanthus virginicus (Fringe Tree) [snow flower (grk)] 4. Syringa vulgaris (Lilac) [pipe (grk)] 5. Fraxinus (Ash) E. Olea europaea produces edible drupe and oil V. Range A. Temperate & tropical regions of N. hemisphere Species comparison within Fraxinus (Ash) [Latin name] I. Common Features A. Odd pinnately compound leaves B. Buds with 1-3 pairs of scales C. 1 seeded samara with elongated terminal wing II. Fraxinus quadrangulata (Blue Ash) A. Square stems III. Round Stems A. Sessile leaflets 1. F. nigra (Black Ash) a. Tawny pubescence 2. F. excelsior (European Ash) a. Glabrous b. Many different varieties Simple leaf, varigated leaves yellow or striped branches dwarf or pedulous habit B. Leaflets with petioles 1. F. americana (White Ash) a. Deeply concave leaf scar b. Diamond pattern bark b. var. americana - glabrous c. var. biltmoreana - white pubescence 2. F. pennsylvanica a. Slightly concave to convex leaf scar b. var. subintegerrima - glabrous c. var. pennsylvanica - tawny pubescence Ornamentals within Artificial Group Floriferae Sympetalae Subclass Asteridae Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family) 220 Genera 4000 species (only 1 tree species in USA) I. Paulownia tomentosa (Princess Tree, Empress Tree) A. Opposite B. Large pubescent cordate leaves C. No terminal buds D. Hollow pith E. Ovoid, pointed, 2-valved capsule with small winged seeds D. Wood resistant to splitting upon drying good for woodcarving Bignoniaceae (Trumpet-creeper Family) 112 Genera 750 species (1 on campus) I. Catalpa speciosa (Northern; Western Catalpa) [Cherokee name(G) showy(se)] A. Whorls of 3 B. Large pubescent cordate leaves C. No terminal buds D. Solid homogenous pith E. Long, pendant, slender, terete capsule with many flat 2 winged seeds F. Wood resistant to decay good for fence posts G. Caterpillars for fish bait II. Cybistax donnell-smithii (Prima vera; white mahogany) A. Mexico & C. America B. True mahogany lumber comes from species of Swietenia in the Meliaceae (Mahogany Family) Artificial Group Floriferae Polypetalae Subclass Magnoliidae Magnoliaceae (Magnolia Family) [Pierre Magnol, botanist] 12 Genera (2 on campus) 220 species I. Leaves A. Alternate B. Simple C. Stipulate - scars encircle twig II. Flowers A. Large, showy B. Perfect C. Numerous spirally arranged stamens and pistils III. Fruits A. Conelike aggregates of 1. Follicles (Magnolia) 2. Samaras (Liriodendron) IV. Economic Importance A. Veneer for cabinets & furniture B. Wood pulp for paper C. Ornamental V. Range A. E.USA -> C. America; West Indies -> E. Brazil; SE Asia Generic comparison I. Liriodendron (Yellow-poplar, Tuliptree) [Lily tree] A. Lobed leaves with truncate or notched apices B. Diaphragmed pith C. Fast growing, valuable timer tree D. L. tulipfera [Tulip bearing] II. Magnolia A. Unlobed leaves with acute to obtuse apices B. Homogeneous or inconspicuously diaphragmed pith C. Scarlet seeds dangle on slender threads from follicles at maturity Species comparison I. M. grandiflora (Southern; Evergreen Magnolia) [showy flower] A. Flowers with 6-12 large white tepals B. Leathery, evergreen leaves with reddish brown pubescence C. Buds & twigs with reddish brown pubescence II. M. virginiana (Sweetbay) A. Flowers with creamy white tepals B. Deciduous to semi-evergreen glaucous and white pubescent leaves with distinct oder C. Buds & twigs sparse pubescence III M. fraseri (Ear-leaved umbrella tree, Fraser Magnolia) [John Fraser, collector] A. Flowers with creamy whit tepals B. Large (20 - 40 cm long) deciduous leaves with auricled or cordate base. C. Glabrous buds III. Species with Deciduous leaves, Tomentose buds, and Pubescent Leaves A. M. acuminata (Cucumber Tree) [acuminate] 1. Yellow flowers 2. 15-25 cm long leaf blades 3. > 2 cm petioles B. M. soulangiana (Saucer Magnolia) 1. Pink flowers 2. =>12.5 cm long leaf blades 3. => 8 cm long fruit C. M. stellata (Star Magnolia) [starlike] 1. White flowers 2. < 12.5 cm long leaf blades 3. 5 cm long fruit