1.) In order to convert an analog signal to a digital signal ___________________

a. the amplitude of the sound save is converted into a number in which the larger the amplitude the higher the number assigned it.

b. the frequency of the sound wave is converted into a number in which the higher the frequency the higher the number assigned it.

c. The speed of the wave is converted into a number with faster being larger numbers.

d. The number assigned to a amplitude is changed into a current with the larger number becoming the larger current.

e. The number assigned to the frequency is changed into a current with the larger number becoming the larger current.

2.) A tree is being imaged by a converging lens. The tree is 1000 cm from a lens of focal length 250cm, what is the image distance?

a. 250 cm

b. 100 cm

c. - 250 cm

d. 333 cm

e. - 333 cm

3.) What is the magnification of the image formed in the question above?

a) M = 4

b) M = - 3

c) M = - 1/3

d) M = -1/4

e) M = 0.75

4.) In order to read the information on the disc, the detection system looks for changes in reflection of the laser off the CD. What produces a 1?

a. A 1 is produced when the laser is in a pit.

b. A 1 is produced when laser is on a land.

c. A 1 is produced when the reflection is greatest.

d. A 1 is produced when the reflection is caused by constructive interference from a land and a pit.

e. A 1 is produced when the laser goes from a pit to a land and experiences destructive interference.

5.) The axis of transmission of a polarizing sheet is determined by looking at light reflected off a flat surface which is ________________. The brightest transmission is seen when the polarizer is turned to _______ horizontally polarized light. This shows us how polarizing sunglasses work-- just turn the polarizer!

a. composed of mostly circularly polarized light, block

b. composed of mostly vertically polarized light, block

c. composed of mostly horizontally polarized light, transmit

d. composed of mostly horizontally polarized light, block

e. composed of mostly vertically polarized light, transmit

6.)What is the digital representation of the amplitude of 6 in a 4 bit number?

a) 0011

b) 1010

c) 1100

d) 0110

e) 1001

7.) When you sprinkle a single layer of sugar crystals on a piece of paper you see _______, and when you sprinkle a thick layer of sugar on the paper you see a pile of white sugar. This is because sugar crystals are actually ______________ and reflect only a small portion of light but they do so to all colors equally.

a. blue sugar crystals, white but very thin

b. a thin layer of white sugar, white

c. through the sugar to the paper, transparent

d. through the sugar to the paper, white but very thin

e. a thin layer of white crystals, transparent

8.) To send multiple messages from one town to another, which of the following must be done?

1. Each conversation must be encoded on a different wavelength of light.

2. A multiplexer must separate out the signals when they reach the town of destination.

3. An amplifier must be able to amplify all the different messages as they travel long distances through the fiber.

4. A series of switches must route the calls in the correct directions.

5. A de-multiplexer must separate out the different conversations by separating the signals' wavelengths.

a. 1, 2, 3, & 4

b. 2, 3, 4, & 5

c. 1, 2, 4, & 5

d. 2, 3, & 4

e. 1, 3, 4, & 5

9.) What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5.8 x 10¹⁴ Hz?

a. 0.383 x 10^-19J

b. 1.92 x 10^-19J

c. 3.83 x 10^-19J

d. 5.8 x 10^-19J

e. 7.6 x 10^-19J

10.) For total internal reflection to occur, a light beam incident on an interface, must obey the following expression. This mathematical equation tells us the first angle at which total internal reflection will occur.

n₁ sin q₁ = n₂ sin 90

If the first angle for total internal reflection is 48^o, and the cladding layer of the fiber has an index of refraction of 1.2, what is the index of refraction of the core?

a) 1.35

b) 0.743

c) 1.49

d) 1.12

e) 1.61

11.) If an amplifier is being designed for the following situation, how much must it amplify the signal by in order to return the optical pulses to their original intensity? The pulses start with an amplitude of 100. The fiber loses 25% for each 60 km and the light has traveled a total of 180 km to the amplifier.

a. 4 times

b. 64 times

c. 12.5 times

d. 1.56 times

e. 32 times

12.) Pick which of the following pictures accurately describes the result of placing the optical element in a beam of light or choose e.